Verrucous Carcinoma of the Penis in a HIV Positive Patient: A Case Report from Nigeria

Abstract

Verrucous carcinoma of the penis, a variant of squamous cell carcinoma, is an uncommon urological
malignancy. It is characterized by slow growth and presents as exophytic, cauliflower-like masses.
This report describes a case of penile verrucous carcinoma in a 65-year-old HIV-positive male on
antiretroviral therapy. He presented with a painful, slow-growing mass on the penile shaft of 9 months
duration. Clinical examination showed a cauliflower-like mass on the penile shaft. There was no inguinal
lymphadenopathy. Histopathological examination showed epidermal hyperplasia, full–thickness dysplasia,
marked hyperkeratosis, and atypical mitotic figures. Surgical excision with the graft was performed, and the
patient's condition remained stable.
This case illustrates the potential occurrence of verrucous carcinoma of the penis in the setting of HIV
infection, which is a recognized risk factor along with uncircumcised penis, human papillomaviruses,
phimosis and others.
Prompt surgical intervention remains the mainstay of treatment for this condition as it offers excellent results.
However, given the rarity of this malignancy and the increasing prevalence of HIV, clinicians should maintain
a high index of suspicion to facilitate early diagnosis and management, thereby improving patient outcomes.
Keywords: Verrucous carcinoma; Penis; HIV; Nigeria