TINEA CAPITIS: AETIOLOGY, CLINICAL FEATURES, AND RISK FACTORS AMONG SCHOOL PUPILS IN ILORIN, KWARA STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

Background:                                                                                      

Tinea capitis (TC) is an identified cause of physical and psychosocial distress among many children in our clime. The predominant aetiological agents have been known to vary as a result of immigration, climate and inadequate treatment. We sought to determine the common dermatophyte species causing TC, as well as its clinical features in our study population.                                                                      

Methods: The study was a descriptive, cross sectional study involving 204 children from public primary schools in the Nigerian city of Ilorin, Kwara State. Pupils with clinically diagnosed TC had KOH microscopy and fungal culture done.

Results:  Trichophyton tonsurans was the most frequently isolated dermatophyte specie.  The grey patch was the commonest clinical type of TC. Risk factors for TC include male gender, low socioeconomic status, overcrowding, sharing head garments and hair care instruments as well as carrying objects on the head and close proximity to domestic animals. Over 50% of pupils reported physical or psychosocial distress and some had developed permanent hair loss. Despite these, adequate orthodox management was rarely sought.

Conclusion: TC and its consequences should not be overlooked. A holistic approach at the community level may help reduce the disease burden.